Parkinson's disease (PD) is clinically, pathologically, and genetically heterogeneous,
resisting distillation to a single, cohesive disorder. Instead, each affected individual develops …

Despite advances in machine learning-based protein structure prediction, we are still far
from fully understanding how proteins fold into their native conformation. The conventional …

Molecular oxygen (O2) is essential for most biological reactions in mammalian cells. When
the intracellular oxygen content decreases, it is called hypoxia. The process of hypoxia is …

Aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) drives Parkinson's disease (PD), although the initial
stages of self-assembly and structural conversion have not been directly observed inside …

Parkinson's disease is a recognisable clinical syndrome with a range of causes and clinical
presentations. Parkinson's disease represents a fast-growing neurodegenerative condition; …

Soluble α-synuclein aggregates varying in size, structure, and morphology have been
closely linked to neuronal death in Parkinson's disease. However, the heterogeneity of …

A key hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) is Lewy pathology. Composed of α-synuclein,
Lewy pathology is found both in dopaminergic neurons that modulate motor function, and …

Synucleinopathies are clinically and pathologically heterogeneous disorders characterized
by pathologic aggregates of α-synuclein in neurons and glia, in the form of Lewy bodies …

Microglia are the CNS resident immune cells that react to misfolded proteins through pattern
recognition receptor ligation and activation of inflammatory pathways. Here, we studied how …

Lysosomes require an acidic lumen between pH 4.5 and 5.0 for effective digestion of
macromolecules. This pH optimum is maintained by proton influx produced by the V-ATPase …