Most head and neck cancers are derived from the mucosal epithelium in the oral cavity,
pharynx and larynx and are known collectively as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma …

Owing to advances in radiotherapy, the physical properties of radiation can be optimized to
enable individualized treatment; however, optimization is rarely based on biological …

Technological advances and clinical research over the past few decades have given
radiation oncologists the capability to personalize treatments for accurate delivery of …

Metastatic tumors are the cause of more than 90% of cancer related deaths. Metastasis
formation can be considered as a culmination of the Darwinian evolutionary process within …

Tumor hypoxia is a common feature of the microenvironment in solid tumors, primarily due to
an inadequate, and heterogeneous vascular network. It is associated with resistance to …

Cancer stem cells (CSC) are a distinct subpopulation within a tumor. They are able to self-
renew and differentiate and possess a high capability to repair DNA damage, exhibit low …

Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) is among the most prevalent
cancer types worldwide. Despite multimodal therapeutic approaches that include surgical …

Radiotherapy is one of the curative treatment options for localized prostate cancer (PCa).
The curative potential of radiotherapy is mediated by irradiation-induced oxidative stress …

Objectives: Review the pathophysiology and common side effects of radiation therapy.
Outline strategies for the treatment of radiotherapy side effects. Describe the importance of …

The tumor microenvironment has been recently reported to play a pivotal role in sustaining
tumor cells survival and protecting them from immunotherapy and chemotherapy-induced …