Causal evaluation of language models

S Chen, B Peng, M Chen, R Wang, M Xu… - arxiv preprint arxiv …, 2024 - arxiv.org
Causal reasoning is viewed as crucial for achieving human-level machine intelligence.
Recent advances in language models have expanded the horizons of artificial intelligence …

Invariant graph learning meets information bottleneck for out-of-distribution generalization

W Mao, J Wu, H Liu, Y Sui, X Wang - arxiv preprint arxiv:2408.01697, 2024 - arxiv.org
Graph out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization remains a major challenge in graph learning
since graph neural networks (GNNs) often suffer from severe performance degradation …

Ensemble pruning for out-of-distribution generalization

F Qiao, X Peng - Forty-first International Conference on Machine …, 2024 - openreview.net
Ensemble of deep neural networks has achieved great success in hedging against single-
model failure under distribution shift. However, existing techniques suffer from producing …

Causal perception inspired representation learning for trustworthy image quality assessment

L Wang, D Yuan - arxiv preprint arxiv:2404.19567, 2024 - arxiv.org
Despite great success in modeling visual perception, deep neural network based image
quality assessment (IQA) still remains unreliable in real-world applications due to its …

On the Causal Sufficiency and Necessity of Multi-Modal Representation Learning

J Wang, W Qiang, J Li, L Si, C Zheng, B Su - arxiv preprint arxiv …, 2024 - arxiv.org
An effective paradigm of multi-modal learning (MML) is to learn unified representations
among modalities. From a causal perspective, constraining the consistency between …

Unraveling and Mitigating Endogenous Task-oriented Spurious Correlations in Ego-graphs via Automated Counterfactual Contrastive Learning

T Lin, Y Kang, Z Jiang, K Song, K Kuang, C Sun… - Expert Systems with …, 2025 - Elsevier
Abstract Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been proven to easily overfit spurious
subgraphs in the available data, which reduces their trustworthiness in high-stakes real …

Learning Intrinsic Invariance within Intra-Class for Domain Generalization

C Zhou, Z Wang, B Du - IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, 2025 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
Deep learning methods often struggle with the domain shift problem, leading to poor
generalization on out-of-domain (OOD) data. To address the problem, domain …

Extended Invariant Risk Minimization for Machine Fault Diagnosis With Label Noise and Data Shift

Z Mo, Z Zhang, Q Miao, KL Tsui - IEEE Transactions on Neural …, 2025 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
Incorrect labels as well as the discrepancy between training and test domain data
distributions can significantly affect the effectiveness of supervised data-driven models in …

When graph neural network meets causality: Opportunities, methodologies and an outlook

W Jiang, H Liu, H **ong - arxiv preprint arxiv:2312.12477, 2023 - arxiv.org
Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as powerful representation learning tools for
capturing complex dependencies within diverse graph-structured data. Despite their …

Unifying invariant and variant features for graph out-of-distribution via probability of necessity and sufficiency

X Chen, R Cai, K Zheng, Z Jiang, Z Huang, Z Hao, Z Li - Neural Networks, 2025 - Elsevier
Abstract Graph Out-of-Distribution (OOD), requiring that models trained on biased data
generalize to the unseen test data, has considerable real-world applications. One of the …