Large herbivores play unique ecological roles and are disproportionately imperiled by
human activity. As many wild populations dwindle towards extinction, and as interest grows …

We live amid a global wave of anthropogenically driven biodiversity loss: species and
population extirpations and, critically, declines in local species abundance. Particularly …

Large wild herbivores are crucial to ecosystems and human societies. We highlight the 74
largest terrestrial herbivore species on Earth (body mass≥ 100 kg), the threats they face …

Trophic rewilding is an ecological restoration strategy that uses species introductions to
restore top-down trophic interactions and associated trophic cascades to promote self …

Large herbivores and carnivores (the megafauna) have been in a state of decline and
extinction since the Late Pleistocene, both on land and more recently in the oceans. Much …

The topics assessed in this chapter were last assessed by the IPCC in 2007, principally in
WGII AR4 Chapters 3 (Kundzewicz et al., 2007) and 4 (Fischlin et al., 2007), but also in WGII …

Biotic interactions drive key ecological and evolutionary processes and mediate ecosystem
responses to climate change. The direction, frequency, and intensity of biotic interactions …

BACKGROUND Effects of recent global warming have been documented in every biome on
Earth. Safeguarding biodiversity and ecosystem services against future impacts requires …

The reality confronting ecosystem managers today is one of heterogeneous, rapidly
transforming landscapes, particularly in the areas more affected by urban and agricultural …

The late Quaternary megafauna extinction was a severe global-scale event. Two factors,
climate change and modern humans, have received broad support as the primary drivers …