N-Methyl-D-aspartate ionotropic glutamate receptors (NMDARs) play key roles in
synaptogenesis, synaptic maturation, long-term plasticity, neuronal network activity, and …

The dentate gyrus (DG) has a key role in hippocampal memory formation. Intriguingly, DG
lesions impair many, but not all, hippocampus-dependent mnemonic functions, indicating …

In mammalian brains, millions to billions of cells form complex interaction networks to enable
a wide range of functions. The enormous diversity and intricate organization of cells have …

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a serious psychosis leading to cognitive impairment.
To restore cognitive functions for patients, the main treatments are based on medication or …

Disorders of brain glucose metabolism is known to affect brain activity in neurodegenerative
diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Furthermore, recent evidence has shown an …

Many brain regions have been defined, but a comprehensive formalization of each region's
function in relation to human behavior is still lacking. Current knowledge comes from various …

Spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) is a bidirectional form of synaptic plasticity
discovered about 30 years ago and based on the relative timing of pre-and post-synaptic …

Recurrent excitatory connections in hippocampal regions CA3 and CA2 are thought to play
a key role in the generation of sharp-wave ripples (SWRs), electrophysiological oscillations …

Long-lasting changes of brain function in response to experience rely on diverse forms of
activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. Chief among them are long-term potentiation and long …

The hippocampus is the brain's center for episodic memories. Its subregions, the dentate
gyrus and CA1-3, are differentially involved in memory encoding and recall. Hippocampal …