The field of behavioral economics has made important inroads into the understanding of
substance use disorders through the concept of reinforcer pathology. Reinforcer pathology …

Neural mechanisms of cognitive control enable us to initiate, coordinate and update
behaviour. Central to successful control is the ability to suppress actions that are no longer …

Rationale Impulsivity has been strongly linked to addictive behaviors, but can be
operationalized in a number of ways that vary considerably in overlap, suggesting …

Background Impulsivity is a multifaceted construct that has recently been recognized as a
factor contributing to enhanced vulnerability to drug abuse. Objectives In the present review …

Most substance abusers simultaneously use and abuse more than one substance, even
when there is a clear drug of choice. This pattern creates a great challenge in relating …

A principal feature of drug addiction is a reduced ability to regulate control over the desire to
procure drugs regardless of the risks involved. Traditional models implicated the neural …

Environmental enrichment (EE) has been shown to have powerful beneficial effects on a
variety of physiological and pathological processes. Accumulating evidence indicates that …

Studies using brain imaging methods have shown that neuronal activity in the orbitofrontal
cortex, a brain area thought to promote the ability to control behavior according to likely …

Adaptive behaviors increase the likelihood of survival and reproduction and improve the
quality of life. However, it is often difficult to identify optimal behaviors in real life due to the …

Rationale Dopaminergic medication-related impulse control disorders (ICDs) such as
pathological gambling and compulsive shop** have been reported in Parkinson's disease …