Background The creation of the World Anti-Do** Agency in 1999 and the first
implementation of the Anti-Do** Code in 2004 established institutional and legal level …

Monitoring the misuse of drugs and the abuse of substances and methods potentially or
evidently improving athletic performance by analytical chemistry strategies is one of the …

Do** is typically referred to by some legal/moral heuristics, labelling the activity illegal and
unfair, and condemning do** users as cheats and rogues. Whilst these heuristics …

Background/aims Financial compensation for research participation is a major focus of
ethical concern regarding human subject recruitment. Phase I trials are sometimes …

Phase I testing of investigational drugs relies on healthy volunteers as research participants.
Many US healthy volunteers enroll repeatedly in clinical trials for the financial compensation …

The advent of gene transfer technologies in clinical studies aroused concerns that these
technologies will be misused for performance-enhancing purposes in sports. However …

Advances in genetics and related biotechnologies are having a profound effect on sport,
raising important ethical questions about the limits and possibilities of the human body …

Individual athletes, coaches and sports teams seek continuously for ways to improve
performance and accomplishment in elite competition. New techniques of performance …

New insights into the genetics of sport performance lead to new areas of application. One
area is the use of genetic tests to identify athletic talent. Athletic performances involve a high …

We propose that do** be legalized under medical supervision. First, we discuss two
motivations for allowing medically supervised do**. We reject the 'compromised …