Increasing evidence indicates the involvement of B cells in the pathogenesis of multiple
sclerosis (MS), but their precise roles are unclear. In this Review, we provide an overview of …

Monoclonal antibodies that target CD20 expressing B cells represent an important new
treatment option for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). B‐cell‐depleting therapy is highly …

Abstract Treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) is challenging: disease-modifying treatments
(DMTs) must both limit unwanted immune responses associated with disease initiation and …

B cells are important for the regulation of autoimmune responses. In experimental
autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), B cells are required for spontaneous recovery in …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a frequent autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central
nervous system (CNS). There are three clinical forms described: relapsing-remitting multiple …

B cells are generally considered to be positive regulators of the immune response because
of their capability to produce antibodies, including autoantibodies. The production of …

The interest in regulatory B cells (Bregs) began in the 1970s with the evidence that B cells
could downregulate the immune system by the production of “inhibitory” antibodies …

The vast majority of studies regarding the immune basis of MS (and its animal model, EAE)
have largely focused on CD4+ T-cells as mediators and regulators of disease. Interestingly …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by chronic inflammatory response-induced
demyelination of the neurons and degeneration of the axons within the central nervous …

Tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) molecules play an important role in the
activation, proliferation, differentiation, and migration of immune cells into the central …