Carotenoids are long conjugated isoprenoid molecules with over 1117 identified structures,
belongs to the class of hydrocarbons, involved in a range of biological processes in plants …

We review the mechanism underlying nonphotochemical chlorophyll fluorescence
quenching (NPQ) and its role in protecting plants against photoinhibition. This review …

Photoprotection of photosystem II (PSII) is essential to avoid the light-induced damage of the
photosynthetic apparatus due to the formation of reactive oxygen species (= photo-oxidative …

Energy is the most important issue of the 21st century. About 85% of our energy comes from
fossil fuels, a finite resource unevenly distributed beneath the Earth's surface. Reserves of …

Singlet oxygen (1 O 2) is a singular reactive oxygen species (ROS) that is produced
constitutively in plant leaves in light via chlorophylls that act as photosensitizers. This 1 O 2 …

Photosynthetic pigment composition has been a major study target in plant ecophysiology
during the last three decades. Although more than 2000 papers have been published, a …

Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into biomass and oxygen.
When in excess, light can be dangerous for the photosynthetic apparatus because it can …

Carotenoids (CARs) are a group of pigments that perform several important physiological
functions in all kingdoms of living organisms. CARs serve as protective agents, which are …

Oxygenic photosynthesis is indispensable both for the development and maintenance of life
on earth by converting light energy into chemical energy and by producing molecular …

The photosystem II (PSII) light-harvesting system carries out two essential functions, the
efficient collection of light energy for photosynthesis, and the regulated dissipation of …