In recent years scholarly attention has shifted from the study of democratization to the
phenomenon of electoral authoritarianism. In these regimes, regular elections are held for …

Dictatorship is not what it was once. Military and single-party regimes have been withering
away. Today, most dictators organize multiparty elections. The Politics of Uncertainty …

Previous research has established a link between turnout and the extent to which voters are
faced with a “meaningful” partisan choice in elections; this study extends the logic of this …

This article investigates the relationship between international election observation, election
fraud, and post-election violence. While international electoral missions could in principle …

Although nearly every country in the world today holds multiparty elections, these contests
are often blatantly unfair. For governments, electoral misconduct is a tempting but also a …

Scholars have found an association between membership in regional intergovernmental
organizations (IGOs) and democracy, and IGO enforcement is often credited as an important …

The monitoring of elections by international groups has become widespread. But can it have
unintended negative consequences for governance? We argue that high-quality election …

Holding elections has become a global norm. Unfortunately, the integrity of elections varies
strongly, ranging from “free and fair” elections with genuine contestation to “façade” …

All qualitative research faces fundamental hurdles in overcoming issues of access and
ensuring the credibility of one's observations. These issues are particularly acute when …

After decades of authoritarianism and a twelve-year civil war ended by a negotiated peace
agreement in 1992, El Salvador is a markedly different country. Despite important changes …