Muscle function during movement is more than a simple, linear transformation of neural
activity into force. The classic work loop technique has pioneered our understanding of …

Over the past 50 years our understanding of the central role that muscle motion has in
powering movement has accelerated significantly. Fundamental to this progress has been …

Marker-based XROMM requires software tools for:(1) correcting fluoroscope distortion;(2)
calibrating X-ray cameras;(3) tracking radio-opaque markers; and (4) calculating rigid body …

Chewing is widespread across vertebrates, including mammals, lepidosaurs, and ray-finned
and cartilaginous fishes, yet common wisdom about one group—amphibians—is that they …

Flap**-wing insects, birds and robots are thought to offset the high power cost of
oscillatory wing motion by using elastic elements for energy storage and return. Insects …

Intra-oral food processing, including chewing, is important for safe swallowing and efficient
nutrient assimilation across tetrapods. Gape cycles in tetrapod chewing consist of four …

Harnessing flight strategies refined by millions of years of evolution can help expedite the
design of more efficient, manoeuvrable and robust flying robots. This review synthesizes …

Birds change the shape and area of their wings to an exceptional degree, surpassing
insects, bats and aircraft in their ability to morph their wings for a variety of tasks. This …

The tradeoff between force and velocity in skeletal muscle is a fundamental constraint on
vertebrate musculoskeletal design (form: function relationships). Understanding how and …

Modulus of resilience, the measure of a material's ability to store and release elastic strain
energy, is critical for realizing advanced mechanical actuation technologies in micro …