Perivascular spaces include a variety of passageways around arterioles, capillaries and
venules in the brain, along which a range of substances can move. Although perivascular …

The prevalence of cerebrovascular disease increases with age, placing the elderly at a
greater lifetime risk for dementia. Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) encompasses a …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic interface responsible for maintaining the central
nervous system homeostasis. Its unique characteristics allow protecting the brain from …

Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) describes a wide spectrum of cognitive deficits related
to cerebrovascular diseases. Although the loss of blood flow to cortical regions critically …

Inflammation is increasingly implicated as a risk factor for dementia, stroke, and small vessel
disease (SVD). However, the underlying mechanisms and causative pathways remain …

Background Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Despite
considerable improvements in diagnosis and treatment, little is known about the short-term …

The vast majority of cerebral stroke cases are caused by transient or permanent occlusion of
a cerebral blood vessel (“ischemic stroke”) eventually leading to brain infarction. The final …

White matter hyperintensities (WMH) of presumed vascular origin, also referred to as
leukoaraiosis, are a very common finding on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or …

Small vessel diseases (SVDs) are a group of disorders that result from pathological
alteration of the small blood vessels in the brain, including the small arteries, capillaries and …

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a very common neurological disease in older
people. It causes stroke and dementia, mood disturbance and gait problems. Since it is …