In recent years, financial losses due to salinity changes threat bivalve industry. In natural
habitat, marine bivalves should be adapted to a series of environmental stressors, including …

Molluscs comprise the second largest phylum of animals (after arthropods), occurring in
virtually all habitats. Some are commercially important, a few are pests and some carry …

With global warming on the rise, hypersalinity events are occurring with increasing
frequency due to accelerated evaporation rates of seawater. Hypersalinity affects the …

Ocean acidification, rising temperatures, and increased intensity of rain events are occurring
due to climate change. Individually, each of these stressors has the potential to influence the …

Hypo-salinity events frequently occur in marine ecosystem due to persistent rainfall and
freshwater inflow, reducing the cytosol osmolarity and triggering cellular stress responses in …

Increasing anthropogenic carbon dioxide is altering marine carbonate chemistry through a
process called ocean acidification. Many calcium carbonate forming organisms are sensitive …

Abstract The native Olympia oyster, Ostrea lurida, was once abundant in many US Pacific
Northwest (PNW) estuaries, but was decimated by human activity in the late nineteenth early …

The blue mussels Mytilus edulis and Mytilus trossulus are ecologically and economically
important species distributed widely across the Northern Hemisphere. Understanding their …

Early life history stages of marine organisms are generally thought to be more sensitive to
environmental stress than adults. Although most marine invertebrates are broadcast …

Coastal marine ecosystems in the Arctic are extremely vulnerable to human activities
associated with oil and gas exploration, transportation and processing, and with industrial …