In the face of water shortages, the world seeks to explore all available options in reducing
the over exploitation of limited freshwater resources. One of the surest available water …

Due to the limited availability of freshwater supplies, desalination has become an
increasingly reliable process for water supply worldwide, with proved technical and …

Abstract Background The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries are rapidly
growing in population with very limited access to freshwater resources. To overcome this …

Abstract Recently, Forward Osmosis (FO) desalination process has been widely investigated
as a potential technology that could minimize the drawbacks of traditional desalination …

Semipermeable membranes are the core elements for membrane water desalination
technologies such as commercial reverse osmosis (RO) process and emerging forward …

Forward osmosis (FO) is one of the evolving membrane technologies in desalination with
recent expanded new interest as a low energy process. The most significant parts of FO …

Research in the field of Forward Osmosis (FO) membrane technology has grown
significantly over the last 10 years, but its application in the scope of wastewater treatment …

Forward osmosis (FO) has been increasingly studied in the past decade for its potential as
an emerging low-energy water and wastewater treatment process. However, the term “low …

Forward osmosis (FO) has emerged as one of potential technologies to mitigate clean water
and energy shortage. Not only can it produce clean water but also energy by employing …

Freshwater supplies are in shortage relative to the high demand for different human
activities, making desalination of saline water a must. Desalination to extract water from …