Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host
response to infection. It remains a highly lethal condition in which current tools for early …

Transfusion‐related immunomodulation (TRIM) in the intensive care unit (ICU) is difficult to
define and likely represents a complicated set of physiologic responses to transfusion …

Background Microvesicles (MVs) are important mediators of intercellular communication,
packaging a variety of molecular cargo. They have been implicated in the pathophysiology …

Red blood cell-derived extracellular vesicles (RBC EVs) are small, spherical fragments
released from red blood cells. These vesicles, similar to EVs derived from other cell types …

Blood cells and tissues generate heterogeneous populations of cell-derived vesicles,
ranging from approximately 50 nm to 1 µm in diameter. Under normal physiological …

Inflammatory lung responses are one of the characterized features in the pathogenesis of
many lung diseases, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and chronic …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted rising interests in the cardiovascular field not only
because they serve as serological markers for circulatory disorders but also because they …

Lung injury and inflammation are common characterizes in many pulmonary diseases.
Alveolar epithelial cells, macrophages, pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells, and …

Background and Objectives Quality control (QC) data collected by blood services are used
to monitor production and to ensure compliance with regulatory standards. We demonstrate …

Blood and blood-component therapy triggers immunological reactions in recipients.
Transfusion-related immunomodulation [TRIM] is an important complex biological immune …