Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a complex and multifactorial disease, and one of the most
prevalent worldwide. Chronic kidney disease–mineral bone disorders (CKD–MBD) with …

The vascular endothelium is a dynamic, functionally complex organ, modulating multiple
biological processes, including vascular tone and permeability, inflammatory responses …

Importance Observational studies have reported an association between low serum vitamin
D levels and elevated risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events, but such studies cannot …

Description: The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) 2017 Clinical
Practice Guideline Update for the Diagnosis, Evaluation, Prevention, and Treatment of …

Chronic kidney disease–mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) encompasses laboratory
and bone abnormalities and vascular calcification and has deleterious effects on clinical …

Mineral bone disease (MBD) is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD)
characterized by disruption of normal mineral homeostasis within the body. One or more of …

Importance Low levels of vitamin D are associated with elevated blood pressure (BP) and
future cardiovascular events. Whether vitamin D supplementation reduces BP and which …

The association between vitamin D deficiency and especially critical shortage of active
vitamin D (1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D, calcitriol) with the development of secondary …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in patients with chronic kidney
disease (CKD). Multiple factors account for the increased incidence of cardiovascular …

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs)
belong to the metzincin family of zinc-containing multidomain molecules, and can act as …