Autophagy is a lysosome-based degradative process used to recycle obsolete cellular
constituents and eliminate damaged organelles and aggregate-prone proteins. Their …

Abstract The Ser/Thr kinase mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a central regulator of
cellular metabolism. As part of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), mTOR integrates signals such …

Cells metabolize nutrients for biosynthetic and bioenergetic needs to fuel growth and
proliferation. The uptake of nutrients from the environment and their intracellular metabolism …

Every cell must satisfy basic requirements for nutrient sensing, utilization and recycling
through macromolecular breakdown to coordinate programmes for growth, repair and stress …

Pancreatic cancer is an increasingly common cause of cancer mortality with a tight
correspondence between disease mortality and incidence. Furthermore, it is usually …

The mTOR pathway integrates a diverse set of environmental cues, such as growth factor
signals and nutritional status, to direct eukaryotic cell growth. Over the past two and a half …

Lysosomes are degradation centers and signaling hubs in cells and play important roles in
cellular homeostasis, development, and aging. Changes in lysosome function are essential …

Amino acids are basic nutrients for immune cells during organ development, tissue
homeostasis, and the immune response. Regarding metabolic reprogramming in the tumor …

Metabolic reprogramming has been widely recognized as a hallmark of malignancy. The
uptake and metabolism of amino acids are aberrantly upregulated in many cancers that …

The AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) and TOR (target-of-rapamycin) pathways are
interlinked, opposing signaling pathways involved in sensing availability of nutrients and …