The physical and ecological 'fingerprints' of anthropogenic climate change over the past
century are now well documented in many environments and taxa. We reviewed the …

Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, brown trout Salmo trutta (including the anadromous form, sea
trout) and Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus (including anadromous fish) provide important …

Seasonal change in temperature has a profound effect on reproduction in fish. Increasing
temperatures cue reproductive development in spring-spawning species, and falling …

Freshwater ecosystems constitute only a small fraction of the planet's water resources, yet
support much of its diversity, with freshwater fish accounting for more species than birds …

Fish play a key role in the trophic dynamics of lakes. With climate warming, complex
changes in fish assemblage structure may be expected owing to direct effects of temperature …

Fish reproduction is likely to be affected by increasing water temperatures arising from
climate change. Normal changes in environmental temperature have the capacity to affect …

Climate change threatens freshwater fish species due to predicted changes in thermal,
sedimentary and hydrological properties of stream ecosystems. Gravel-spawning fish are …

Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. and brown trout Salmo trutta fario L. are species of high socio‐
economic and ecological value. Declining populations make them target species of fisheries …

Temperate regions with fish communities dominated by cold‐water species (physiological
optima< 20° C) are vulnerable to the effects of warming temperatures caused by climate …

Marine biodiversity worldwide is under increasing threat, primarily as a result of over-
harvesting, pollution and climate change. Chondrichthyan fishes (sharks, rays and …