Charles Darwin appreciated the conceptual difficulty in accepting that an organ as wonderful
as the vertebrate eye could have evolved through natural selection. He reasoned that if …

Teleost fishes are the largest and most diverse group of vertebrates. The diversity of teleosts
has been attributed to a whole-genome duplication (WGD) event in the ray-finned fish …

The emergence of jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) from jawless vertebrates was
accompanied by major morphological and physiological innovations, such as hinged jaws …

The human genome project has been recently complemented by whole-genome
assessment sequence of 32 mammals and 24 nonmammalian vertebrate species suitable …

Owing to their phylogenetic position, cartilaginous fishes (sharks, rays, skates, and
chimaeras) provide a critical reference for our understanding of vertebrate genome …

A hypothalamic neuropeptide, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), is the primary
factor regulating gonadotropin secretion. An inhibitory hypothalamic neuropeptide for …

The interrelationships between major living vertebrate, and even chordate, groups are now
reasonably well resolved thanks to a large amount of generally congruent data derived from …

Chemokines receptors are involved in the recruitment of various cell types in inflammatory
and physiological conditions. There are 23 known chemokine receptor genes in the human …

The discovery of novel neurohormones is important for the advancement of
neuroendocrinology. In early 1970s, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), a …

Lampreys are a key species to study the evolution of morphological characters at the dawn
of Craniates and throughout the evolution of the craniate's phylum. Here, we review a …