Plastic pollution and climate change have commonly been treated as two separate issues
and sometimes are even seen as competing. Here we present an alternative view that these …

This report provides a detailed assessment of the status of and threats to the world's coral
reefs. It evaluates threats to coral reefs from a wide range of human activities, and includes …

Climate-induced coral bleaching is among the greatest current threats to coral reefs, causing
widespread loss of live coral cover. Conditions under which reefs bounce back from …

The conservation status of 845 zooxanthellate reef-building coral species was assessed by
using International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List Criteria. Of the 704 species …

Since the early 1980s, episodes of coral reef bleaching and mortality, due primarily to
climate-induced ocean warming, have occurred almost annually in one or more of the …

The importance of structural complexity in coral reefs has come to the fore with the global
degradation of reef condition; however, the limited scale and replication of many studies …

Background A number of factors have recently caused mass coral mortality events in all of
the world's tropical oceans. However, little is known about the timing, rate or spatial …

Current global fisheries production of≈ 160 million tons is rising as a result of increases in
aquaculture production. A number of climate-related threats to both capture fisheries and …

Scientists have advocated for local interventions, such as creating marine protected areas
and implementing fishery restrictions, as ways to mitigate local stressors to limit the effects of …

Global warming is markedly changing diverse coral reef ecosystems through an increasing
frequency and magnitude of mass bleaching events,–. How local impacts scale up across …