Decisions take time, and as a rule more difficult decisions take more time. But this only
raises the question of what consumes the time. For decisions informed by a sequence of …

The brain does not retain all the information it encodes in a day. Much is forgotten, and of
those memories retained, their subsequent evolution can follow any of a number of …

In recent years, ideas from the computational field of reinforcement learning have
revolutionized the study of learning in the brain, famously providing new, precise theories of …

Computational learning models are critical for understanding mechanisms of adaptive
behavior. However, the two major current frameworks, reinforcement learning (RL) and …

Although it has been known for decades that stress influences memory performance, it was
only recently shown that stress may alter the contribution of multiple, anatomically and …

Is the plant edible or poisonous? Is the person friend or foe? Was the sound made by a
predator or by the wind? All organisms assign objects and events in the environment to …

Making decisions in uncertain environments often requires combining multiple pieces of
ambiguous information from external cues. In such conditions, human choices resemble …

Media use has been on the rise in adolescents overall, and in particular, the amount of
media multitasking—multiple media consumed simultaneously, such as having a text …

Dopamine (DA) depletion in the basal ganglia (BG) of Parkinson's patients gives rise to both
frontal-like and implicit learning impairments. Dopaminergic medication alleviates some …

The past several years have seen a resurgence of interest in understanding the
psychological and neural bases of what are often referred to as “negative symptoms” in …