Although previously restricted to a limited number of medical conditions, there is a growing
appreciation that 'autoimmune'(or immune-mediated) processes are important aspects of a …

The gut–brain axis (GBA) is the umbrella term to include all bidirectional communication
between the brain and gastrointestinal (GI) tract in the mammalian body. Evidence from over …

Glaucoma is a multifactorial, neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of retinal
ganglion cells (RGCs). Crosstalk between the gut microbiota and host is involved in the …

Diabetes and its complications, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD) are
increasing gradually, reflecting a global threat vis‐à‐vis expressing the essentiality of a …

The human gut microbiota is a complex, dynamic, and highly diverse community of
microorganisms. Beginning as early as in utero fetal development and continuing through …

The human gastrointestinal tract is inhabited by a diverse range of microorganisms,
collectively known as the gut microbiota, which form a vast and complex ecosystem. It has …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex progressive neurodegenerative disease associated
with aging. Its main pathological feature is the degeneration and loss of dopaminergic …

Introduction The small intestine, as the main digestion and absorption site of the
gastrointestinal tract, is often overlooked in studies, and the overall microbiota does not …

Background Growing evidence suggests that irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and Parkinson's
disease (PD) share similar pathological mechanisms and risk factors. Methods We …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease which is often associated
with gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction. The GI tract is home to a wide range of …