Several advances in recent years have focused increasing attention on the role of the RAF-
MEK-ERK1/2 pathway in promoting cell survival. The demonstration that BRAF is a human …

Established human cancer cell lines are routinely used as experimental models for human
cancers. Their validity for such use is analyzed and discussed, with particular focus on …

Context: Cell lines derived from human cancers provide critical tools to study disease
mechanisms and develop novel therapies. Recent reports indicate that up to 36% of cell …

It is established that tumor cell-derived VEGF acts on endothelial cells to promote
angiogenesis and tumor growth. Here, we demonstrate that in K5-SOS-dependent mouse …

Mutations of BRAF are found in∼ 45% of papillary thyroid cancers and are enriched in
tumors with more aggressive properties. We developed mice with a thyroid-specific knock-in …

Thyroid cancer is rare, but it is the most frequent endocrine malignancy. Its prognosis is
generally favorable, especially in cases of well-differentiated thyroid cancers (DTCs), such …

Human thyroid cancer cell lines are the most used models for thyroid cancer studies. They
must be used with detailed knowledge of their characteristics. These in vitro cell lines …

Pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) is the most common glioma in the pediatric population. PAs can
exhibit variable behavior that does not always correlate with location. Although oncogenic …

Advanced differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), defined by clinical characteristics including
gross extrathyroidal invasion, distant metastases, radioiodine (RAI) resistance, and avidity …

Abstract Approximately, 10% to 15% of serous ovarian tumors fall into the category
designated as tumors of low malignant potential (LMP). Like their invasive counterparts …