Regulatory T cells (Tregs) characterized by the expression of the master transcription factor
forkhead box protein p3 (Foxp3) suppress anticancer immunity, thereby hindering protective …

T cells are crucial for immune functions to maintain health and prevent disease. T cell
development occurs in a stepwise process in the thymus and mainly generates CD4+ and …

Preclinical studies of the T cell growth factor activity of IL-2 resulted in this cytokine
becoming the first immunotherapy to be approved nearly 30 years ago by the US Food and …

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has emerged as a cancer treatment with
enormous potential, demonstrating impressive antitumor activity in the treatment of …

Cytokines are secreted or membrane-presented molecules that mediate broad cellular
functions, including development, differentiation, growth and survival. Accordingly, the …

Abstract Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and its receptor (IL-2R) are essential in orchestrating immune
responses. Their function and expression in the tumor microenvironment make them …

Background Clues supporting the existence of IL-2 emerged in 1976. That year, after
successfully expanding T cells in vitro, Morgan et al.(1976) reported the presence of a T cell …

Cancer metastasis is responsible for the vast majority of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. In
contrast to numerous discoveries that reveal the detailed mechanisms leading to the …

The preferential activation of regulatory T (Treg) cells by interleukin-2 (IL-2), which
selectively binds to the trimeric IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) on Treg cells, makes this cytokine a …

To the extent that pharmacokinetics influence the effectiveness of nonliving therapeutics, so
too do cellular kinetics influence the efficacy of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T cell …