Since its discovery in the early 1970s, the crucial role of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation
(MJO) in the global hydrological cycle and its tremendous influence on high‐impact climate …

In recent years, the Indian Ocean (IO) has been discovered to have a much larger impact on
climate variability than previously thought. This paper reviews climate phenomena and …

This report is the first complete assessment of the science of climate change since Working
Group I (WGI) of the IPCC produced its second report Climate Change 1995: The Science of …

The Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) is the dominant component of the intraseasonal (30–
90 days) variability in the tropical atmosphere. It consists of large‐scale coupled patterns in …

This chapter assesses the capacity of the global climate models used elsewhere in this
report for projecting future climate change. Confidence in model estimates of future climate …

The 1997–98 El Niño was, by some measures, the strongest on record, with major climatic
impacts felt around the world. A newly completed tropical Pacific atmosphere-ocean …

The Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) is an international effort to
determine the systematic climate errors of atmospheric models under realistic conditions …

Abstract Studies of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) have progressed considerably
during the past decades in observations, numerical modeling, and theoretical …

The stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) and the tropospheric Madden–Julian
oscillation (MJO) are strongly linked in boreal winter. In this Review, we synthesize …

A key factor limiting the reliability of simulations of anthropogenic climate change is the
inability to accurately represent the various effects of clouds on climate. Despite the best …