Abstract The Miocene epoch (23.03–5.33 Ma) was a time interval of global warmth, relative
to today. Continental configurations and mountain topography transitioned toward modern …

The present paper addresses driving mechanisms of global monsoon (GM) variability and
outstanding issues in GM science. This is the second synthesis of the PAGES GM Working …

Much of our understanding of Earth's past climate comes from the measurement of oxygen
and carbon isotope variations in deep-sea benthic foraminifera. Yet, long intervals in …

The Miocene Climatic Optimum (MCO) from~ 17 to 14 million years ago (Ma) represents an
enigmatic reversal in Cenozoic cooling. A synthesis of marine paleotemperature records …

Ocean acidification may have severe consequences for marine ecosystems; however,
assessing its future impact is difficult because laboratory experiments and field observations …

The late Miocene offers the opportunity to assess the sensitivity of the Earth's climate to
orbital forcing and to changing boundary conditions, such as ice volume and greenhouse …

Flood basalts, the largest volcanic events in Earth history, are thought to drive global
environmental change because they can emit large volumes of CO2 and SO2 over short …

The geologic record provides constraints on the rates, amplitudes, and mechanisms
controlling globally averaged (eustatic) and relative (eustatic plus subsidence/uplift) …

Over the past 25 yr, the science of stratigraphy has evolved to include time-correlative data
from vastly disparate components of the Earth system. Not least of these is the global signal …

XRF core scanners, with their rapid and non-destructive analytical capability, have now
been used for two decades in the analysis of marine sediments. Initially they were used to …