Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive technique for focal brain
stimulation based on electromagnetic induction where a fluctuating magnetic field induces a …

The pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) is thought to result from impaired
connectivity between key brain networks. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the key …

The mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology and treatment of depression and stress-
related disorders remain unclear, but studies in depressed patients and rodent models are …

Our understanding of depression and its treatment has advanced with the advent of
ketamine as a rapid-acting antidepressant and the development and refinement of tools …

Volumetric reductions in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are among
the most well-documented neural abnormalities in major depressive disorder (MDD) …

Objective: To provide expert recommendations for the safe and effective application of
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the treatment of major depressive …

Cognitive dysfunctions, including impaired attention, learning, memory, planning and
problem solving, occur in depressive episodes, often persist during remission, predict …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of distress, disability, and suicides. As
per the latest WHO report, MDD affects more than 260 million people worldwide. Despite …

The predominant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), acts at
ionotropic GABAA receptors to counterbalance excitation and regulate neuronal firing …

The functional integration of external and internal signals forms the basis of information
processing and is essential for higher cognitive functions. This occurs in finely tuned cortical …