Motion and uncertainty in radiotherapy is traditionally handled via margins. The clinical
target volume (CTV) is expanded to a larger planning target volume (PTV), which is …

Radiotherapy treatment planning of complex radiotherapy techniques, such as intensity
modulated radiotherapy and volumetric modulated arc therapy, is a resource-intensive …

In real-world applications of optimization, optimal solutions are often of limited value,
because disturbances of or changes to input data may diminish the quality of an optimal …

Background and purpose A planning target volume (PTV) in photon treatments aims to
ensure that the clinical target volume (CTV) receives adequate dose despite treatment …

In this paper, we discuss various concepts of robustness for uncertain multi-objective
optimization problems. We extend the concepts of flimsily, highly, and lightly robust …

Abstract As a Demand Response (DR) based working mode, the integrated scheduling of
energy supply and demand provides an effective approach to improve economic and …

Accurate prediction of tumor control and toxicities in radiation therapy faces many
uncertainties. Besides interpatient variability in the response to radiation, there are also …

Purpose: Intensity‐modulated proton therapy (IMPT) is highly sensitive to uncertainties in
beam range and patient setup. Conventionally, these uncertainties are dealt using …

Radiotherapy (radiation therapy) is one of the main treatments for cancer. The aim is to
deliver a prescribed radiation dose to the tumor, while kee** the unavoidable dose to the …

The physical characteristics of proton beams are appealing for cancer therapy. The rapid
increase in operational and planned proton therapy facilities may suggest that this …