The pleiotropic effects of creatine (Cr) are based mostly on the functions of the enzyme
creatine kinase (CK) and its high-energy product phosphocreatine (PCr). Multidisciplinary …

Creatine (Cr) is a ubiquitous molecule that is synthesized mainly in the liver, kidneys, and
pancreas. Most of the Cr pool is found in tissues with high-energy demands. Cr enters target …

Creatine is physiologically provided equally by diet and by endogenous synthesis from
arginine and glycine with successive involvements of arginine glycine amidinotransferase …

Creatine and phosphocreatine serve not only as an intracellular buffer for adenosine
triphosphate, but also as an energy shuttle for the movement of high-energy phosphates …

Creatine is widely used by both elite and recreational athletes as an ergogenic aid to
enhance anaerobic exercise performance. Older individuals also use creatine to prevent …

Cerebral creatine deficiency syndromes (CCDSs) are a group of inborn errors of creatine
metabolism comprising two autosomal recessive disorders that affect the biosynthesis of …

The process of creatine synthesis occurs in two steps, catalyzed by L-arginine: glycine
amidinotransferase (AGAT) and guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase (GAMT), which take …

Creatine transporter deficiency was discovered in 2001 as an X-linked cause of intellectual
disability characterized by cerebral creatine deficiency. This review describes the current …

Creatine is a principle component of the creatine kinase (CK) phosphagen system common
to all vertebrates. It is found in excitable cells, such as cardiomyocytes, where it plays an …

A broad spectrum of beneficial effects has been ascribed to creatine (Cr), phosphocreatine
(PCr) and their cyclic analogues cyclo-(cCr) and phospho-cyclocreatine (PcCr). Cr is widely …