The process of transcription termination is essential to proper expression of bacterial genes
and, in many cases, to the regulation of bacterial gene expression. Two types of bacterial …

Many biologically important macromolecules undergo motions that are essential to their
function. Biophysical techniques can now resolve the motions of single molecules down to …

Cellular DNA is continuously engaged in a molecular dance with many accessory proteins.
These proteins are responsible for orchestrating the storage, maintenance, and transfer of …

Riboswitches regulate genes through structural changes in ligand-binding RNA aptamers.
With the use of an optical-trap** assay based on in situ transcription by a molecule of RNA …

Recent developments on fluorescent proteins and microscopy techniques have allowed the
probing of single molecules in a living bacterial cell with high specificity, millisecond time …

A molecular motor is made of either a single macromolecule or a macromolecular complex.
Just like their macroscopic counterparts, molecular motors “transduce” input energy into …

Growing RNA chains fold cotranscriptionally as they are synthesized by RNA polymerase.
Riboswitches, which regulate gene expression by adopting alternative RNA folds, are …

Molecular motors are diverse enzymes that transduce chemical energy into mechanical
work and, in doing so, perform critical cellular functions such as DNA replication and …

The faithful relay and timely expression of genetic information depend on specialized
molecular machines, many of which function as nucleic acid translocases. The emergence …

Single-molecule techniques have advanced our understanding of transcription by RNA
polymerase (RNAP). A new arsenal of approaches, including single-molecule fluorescence …