T cells can acquire a broad spectrum of differentiation states following activation. At the
extreme ends of this continuum are short-lived cells equipped with effector machinery and …

Mucosal vaccines offer the potential to trigger robust protective immune responses at the
predominant sites of pathogen infection. In principle, the induction of adaptive immunity at …

Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells play a key role in the elimination of intracellular infections and
malignant cells and can provide long-term protective immunity. In the response to infection …

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is revolutionizing cancer immunotherapy for
patients with B cell malignancies and is now being developed for solid tumors and chronic …

Tissue localization is a critical determinant of T cell immunity. CD8+ T cells are contact-
dependent killers, which requires them to physically be within the tissue of interest to kill …

Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Research on IBDs has identified disrupted
immune responses in the gastrointestinal mucosa and putative disruptions in the gut …

Specific microbial signals induce the differentiation of a distinct pool of RORγ+ regulatory T
(Treg) cells crucial for intestinal homeostasis. We discovered highly analogous populations …

Resident memory T cells (TRM) form a distinct type of T memory cells that stably resides in
tissues. TRM form an integral part of the immune sensing network and have the ability to …

Immune memory is tailored by cues that lymphocytes perceive during priming. The severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic created a situation in …

Our current knowledge of human memory CD8+ T cells is derived largely from studies of the
intravascular space. However, emerging data are starting to challenge some of the dogmas …