Persistence is an important characteristic of many complex systems in nature, related to how
long the system remains at a certain state before changing to a different one. The study of …

In this paper, we review the use of satellite-based remote sensing in combination with in situ
data to inform Earth surface modelling. This involves verification and optimization methods …

Land–atmosphere (LA) interactions are a main driver of Earth's surface water and energy
budgets; as such, they modulate near-surface climate, including clouds and precipitation …

Plant water stress occurs at the point when soil moisture (SM) limits transpiration, defining a
critical SM threshold (θcrit). Knowledge of the spatial distribution of θcrit is crucial for future …

Irrigation can influence weather and climate, but the magnitude, timing, and spatial extent of
irrigation are poorly represented in models, as are the resulting impacts of irrigation on the …

Understanding the critical soil moisture (SM) threshold (θcrit) of plant water stress and land
surface energy partitioning is a basis to evaluate drought impacts and improve models for …

The degree to which individual pulses of available water drive plant activity across diverse
biomes and climates is not well understood. It has previously only been investigated in a few …

Irrigation is the largest human intervention in the water cycle that can modulate climate
extremes, yet irrigation water use (IWU) remains largely unknown in most regions …

It is of primary interest to determine the extent that natural processes are linked to
understand natural system dynamics. There is growing interest in investigating the coupling …

Abrupt onset and swift intensification characterize flash droughts. Global surface soil
moisture (θRS) from NASA's Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite can facilitate a …