Boating and ship** operations, their associated activities and supporting infrastructure
present a potential for environmental impacts. Such impacts include physical changes to …

Millions of recreational boats and~ 65,000 ocean-going merchant ships anchor routinely.
Anchor and chain scour associated with these vessels mechanically disturb the seabed …

Coastal zones provide about 70% of world's ecosystems services. However, more than 25%
of these habitats have been modified by human activity at both land and sea. At the intertidal …

In the current frame of proliferation of artificial structures in the sea, the ecological effects of
artificial substrates on marine environments and their associate biota become a topic of …

Chain moorings are widely used for securing vessels in coastal zones worldwide but can
cause environmental damage to the seabed. Although Environmentally Sensitive (ES) …

Populations of infaunal clams can be affected by natural and anthropogenic factors. Two
such factors include sediment porewater pH and clam harvesting. To date, however, the …

Merchant vessel anchoring affects seabed habitats worldwide; however, impacts are not
well understood. The effects of anchoring are unlikely to be uniform and likely to vary greatly …

Захист водного середовища є надзвичайно актуальною проблемою у сучасному світі.
Водне середовище є однією з найважливіших складових екосистеми, і його …