Active fluids exhibit spontaneous flows with complex spatiotemporal structure, which have
been observed in bacterial suspensions, sperm cells, cytoskeletal suspensions, self …

In active matter systems, individual constituents convert energy into non-conservative forces
or motion at the microscale, leading to morphological features and transport properties that …

Active matter extracts energy from its surroundings at the single particle level and transforms
it into mechanical work. Examples include cytoskeleton biopolymers and bacterial …

Various types of structures self-organised by animals exist in nature, such as bird flocks and
insect swarms, which stem from the local communications of vast numbers of limited …

The mechanical behaviour of cells is largely controlled by a structure that is fundamentally
out of thermodynamic equilibrium: a network of crosslinked filaments subjected to the action …

This review summarizes theoretical progress in the field of active matter, placing it in the
context of recent experiments. This approach offers a unified framework for the mechanical …

The study of systems with sustained energy uptake and dissipation at the scale of the
constituent particles is an area of central interest in nonequilibrium statistical physics …

Life is characterized by a myriad of complex dynamic processes allowing organisms to grow,
reproduce, and evolve. Physical approaches for describing systems out of thermodynamic …

The minimal structural unit of a solid tumor is a single cell or a cellular compartment such as
the nucleus. A closer look inside the cells reveals that there are functional compartments or …

We review the general hydrodynamic theory of active soft materials that is motivated in
particular by biological matter. We present basic concepts of irreversible thermodynamics of …