Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a disorder characterized by repeated upper airway
collapse during sleep, leading to apneas and/or hypopneas, with associated symptoms like …

Introduction Clinical presentation of both insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea (COMISA) is
common. Approximately 30% of clinical cohorts with OSA have insomnia symptoms and vice …

Importance Opioids can cause severe respiratory depression by suppressing feedback
mechanisms that increase ventilation in response to hypercapnia. Following the addition of …

Identifying and managing the most critical side effects encourages patients to take
medications regularly and adhere to the course of treatment. Therefore, priority should be …

Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a ubiquitous neuro-modulator–transmitter that
acts in the central nervous system, playing a major role in the control of breathing and other …

Serotonin is an important mediator modulating behavior, metabolism, sleep, control of
breathing, and upper airway function, but the role of aging in serotonin‐mediated effects has …

Objective The purpose of this study is to examine the pathophysiology underlying sleep
apnea (SA). Background We consider several critical features of SA including the roles …

Introduction Central sleep apnea (CSA) is a sleep-related breathing disorder in which the
effort to breathe is intermittently diminished or absent. CSA is a common disorder among …

Bipolar depression is treated wrongly as unipolar depression, on average, for 8 years. It is
shown that this mismedication affects the occurrence of a manic episode and aggravates the …

Introduction This single-arm pilot study aimed to investigate the effects of a 1-month **ao-
Yao-San (XYS) treatment with on objective and subjective sleep parameters among …