The discovery of interleukin-2 (IL-2) changed the molecular understanding of how the
immune system is controlled. IL-2 is a pleiotropic cytokine, and dissecting the signaling …

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a pleiotropic cytokine produced after antigen activation that plays
pivotal roles in the immune response. Discovered as a T cell growth factor, IL-2 additionally …

IL-2 was first identified as a growth factor capable of driving the expansion of activated
human T cell populations. In the more than 40 years since its discovery, a tremendous …

Natural killer (NK) cells, a crucial component of the innate immune system, have long been
of clinical interest for their antitumor properties. Almost every aspect of NK cell immunity is …

▪ Abstract Cytokines and interferons are molecules that play central roles in the regulation of
a wide array of cellular functions in the lympho-hematopoietic system. These factors …

▪ Abstract Interleukin-4 is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a critical role in the regulation
of immune responses. Its effects depend upon binding to and signaling through a receptor …

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory, pruritic form of dermatosis with
heterogeneous manifestations that can substantially affect patients' quality of life. AD has a …

A growing body of evidence indicates that, over the course of evolution of the immune
system, arginine has been selected as a node for the regulation of immune responses. An …

Cell growth, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis are in part regulated by polypeptide
growth factors or cytokines. As these factors are unable to pass the hydrophobic cell …

GLUCOCORTICOID hormones are important for vital functions and act to modulate
inflammatory and immune responses1, 2. Yet, in contrast to other hormonal systems, no …