[2] The World Meteorological Organization [1970] defines a polynya as ''any non-linear
shaped opening enclosed in (sea) ice... Sometimes the polynya is limited on one side by the …

Based on the quantitative study of diatoms and radiolarians, summer sea-surface
temperature (SSST) and sea ice distribution were estimated from 122 sediment core …

Variability and trend studies of sea ice in the Arctic have been conducted using products
derived from the same raw passive microwave data but by different groups using different …

In sharp contrast to the decreasing sea ice coverage of the Arctic, in the Antarctic the sea ice
cover has, on average, expanded since the late 1970s. More specifically, satellite passive …

A method of determining sea ice parameters using dual‐polarized multispectral radiance
data obtained with the NIMBUS 7 Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) is …

A parallel ocean and ice model (POIM) in generalized orthogonal curvilinear coordinates
has been developed for global climate studies. The POIM couples the Parallel Ocean …

A fast method has been proposed [Antoine and Morel, this issue] to compute the oceanic
primary production from the upper ocean chlorophyll‐like pigment concentration, as it can …

This study investigates the response of a climate model to a gradual increase or decrease of
atmospheric carbon dioxide. The model is a general circulation model of the coupled …

Scatter plots of satellite multispectral microwave emissivities at two or three different
frequencies and/or polarizations reveal unique clusters that are persistent throughout winter …

This book is a comprehensive survey of the climatology and meteorology of Antarctica. The
first section of the book reviews the methods by which we can observe the Antarctic …