The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) acts as a moving organelle with many important cellular
functions. As the ER lacks sufficient nutrients under pathological conditions leading to …

Protein homeostasis is a vital process for cell function and, therefore, disruption of the
molecular mechanisms involved in this process, such as autophagy, may contribute to …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an essential organelle of eukaryotic cells. Its main
functions include protein synthesis, proper protein folding, protein modification, and the …

Hypoxia is a major hallmark of the tumor microenvironment that is strictly associated with
rapid cancer progression and induction of metastasis. Hypoxia inhibits disulfide bond …

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a dynamic organelle orchestrating the folding and post-
translational maturation of almost all membrane proteins and most secreted proteins. These …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a cellular organelle important for regulating calcium
homeostasis, lipid metabolism, protein synthesis, and posttranslational modification and …

Stress-signaling pathways are evolutionarily conserved and play an important role in the
maintenance of homeostasis. These pathways are also critical for adaptation to new cellular …

Insulin synthesis in pancreatic β‐cells is initiated as preproinsulin. Prevailing glucose
concentrations, which oscillate pre‐and postprandially, exert major dynamic variation in …

▪ Abstract In the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), secretory and transmembrane proteins fold into
their native conformation and undergo posttranslational modifications important for their …

Cancer progression is characterized by rapidly proliferating cancer cells that are in need of
increased protein synthesis. Therefore, enhanced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) activity is …