Background Written assessments fall into two classes: constructed-response or open-ended
questions, such as the essay and a number of variants of the short-answer question, and …

Psychological Testing Page 1 Psychological Testing Principles and Applications Fourth
Edition Kevin R. Murphy Colorado State University Charles O. Davidshofer Colorado State …

Item Response Theory clearly describes the most recently developed IRT models and
furnishes detailed explanations of algorithms that can be used to estimate the item or ability …

This book is intended for anyone who is seriously interested in designing and validating
multiple-choice test items that measure understanding and the application of knowledge and …

Many contemporary tests include constructed-response items, for which the item scores are
ordered categorical ratings provided by judges. When the judges' ratings use only two …

There have been many important changes in the participation of women and men in
American society over the past quarter-century. Tests play a role in those changes by …

Instructors can use both “multiple‐choice”(MC) and “constructed response”(CR) questions
(such as short answer, essay, or problem‐solving questions) to evaluate student …

Assessment instruments of the future will probably be composed of a combination of
different types of questions. Even though different kinds of questions require different scoring …

High interest in performance-based assessment of educational achievement is indicated by
recent conferences, special journal issues, and national television coverage. The president's …

Designing, develo**, and administering assessments has remained fairly unchanged
across the past century. However, recent developments in instructional technology, learning …