A bilevel programming model represents the relationship in a specific decision process that
involves decisions within a hierarchical structure of two levels. The upper-level problem is …

This is a review of the literature on variants and extensions of the standard location-routing
problem published since the last survey, by Nagy and Salhi, appeared in 2006. We propose …

Sustainable supply chain management is a topical area which is continuing to grow and
evolve. Within supply chains, downstream distribution from producers to customers plays a …

Abstract The Capacitated Location-Routing Problem (CLRP) is a strategic-level problem
involving the selection of one or many depots from a set of candidate locations and the …

In this paper, we define the standard LRP as a deterministic, static, discrete, single-echelon,
single-objective location-routing problem in which each customer (vertex) must be visited …

Emergency response activity relies on transportation networks. Emergency facility location
interacts with transportation networks clearly. This review is aimed to provide a combined …

This paper addresses a hierarchical production–distribution planning problem. There are
two different decision makers controlling the production and the distribution processes …

Location‐routing is a branch of locational analysis that takes into account distribution
aspects. This paper proposes a taxonomy, with two levels, for location‐routing problems …

In this paper, the capacitated location-routing problem with fuzzy demands (CLRP-FD) is
considered. In CLRP-FD, facility location problem (FLP) and vehicle routing problem (VRP) …

This paper proposes a hybrid genetic algorithm (GA) to solve the capacitated location–
routing problem. The proposed algorithm follows the standard GA framework using local …