In the two-echelon vehicle routing problem (2E-VRP), the distribution network is split into two
echelons. Different vehicles are operated on the first and second echelon to maintain …

Over the past decade, electric vehicles (EVs) have been considered in a growing number of
models and methods for vehicle routing problems (VRPs). This study presents a …

The “factory-in-a-box” concept involves assembling production modules (ie, factories) in
containers and transporting the containers to different customer locations. Such a concept …

To tackle the logistics challenges faced by enterprises using unmanned aerial vehicles
(UAV) with human-driven vans for parcel deliveries, we introduce the two-echelon vehicle …

We present a two-echelon van-based robot last-mile pickup and delivery system in urban
settings. Robots can visit areas with van access restrictions, such as pedestrianized areas or …

This research addresses a new variant of the vehicle routing problem, called the two-
echelon vehicle routing problem with time windows, covering options, and occasional …

This paper studies a time-dependent green vehicle routing problem (TDGVRP) with the
consideration of traffic congestion. In this work, the objective is to design the vehicle …

We introduce a two-echelon urban delivery problem with second-level unmanned vehicles.
This problem typically applies for delivering parcels or other small commodities to …

This paper proposes a tabu search algorithm for the two-echelon vehicle routing problem
with time windows and simultaneous pickup and delivery (2E-VRPTWSPD), which is a new …

In the context of the “smart city”, information and communication technologies (ICT) have
become indispensable in the planning and design of modern municipal solid waste …