Micro-and nano-plastics (MNPs) pollution has become a pressing global environmental
issue, with growing concerns regarding its impact on human health. However, evidence of …

Background: Humans cannot avoid plastic exposure due to its ubiquitous presence in the
natural environment. The waste generated is poorly biodegradable and exists in the form of …

Nanoplastics are emerging pollutants that pose potential threats to the environment and
organisms. However, in-depth research on nanoplastics has been hindered by the absence …

As discussed in the WHO report on MPs in drinking-water (1), plastic is considered to
provide various social benefits. For instance, it is a relatively inexpensive, flexible, robust …

Microplastics (MPs) are considered to exacerbate the impacts of hydrophobic organic
pollutants on aquatic organisms through the carrier function, but whether MPs affect the …

Microplastics (MPs) are pervasive environmental contaminants that have infiltrated even the
most remote ecosystems. Despite their widespread distribution, the transfer patterns and …

Background Many studies have investigated how nanoplastics (NPs) exposure mediates
nerve and intestinal toxicity through a dysregulated brain-gut axis interaction, but there are …

Microplastics (wasted plastic particles< 5 mm in diameter) are ubiquitously distributed in the
marine environment. Filter-feeding and low trophic level bivalves are vulnerable to …

Microplastics are ubiquitous in the marine environment, and their uptake by many organisms
has been well documented. Concern about increasing plastic waste in ecosystems and …

Human and animal exposure to microplastics (MPs) contained in food is inevitable because
of their widespread existence in the environment. Nevertheless, MPs toxicity studies in …