Highlights•Animal personality traits tend to be stable within life stages but not across.•
Metamorphosis and/or sexual maturation are important for personality development.• …

Intraspecies variation is common in both clinical and animal research of various brain
disorders. Relatively well-studied in mammals, intraspecies variation in aquatic fish models …

Environmental contamination by pharmaceuticals is global, substantially altering crucial
behaviours in animals and impacting on their reproduction and survival. A key question is …

The pace-of-life syndrome (POLS) hypothesis predicts variation in behaviour and physiology
among individuals to be associated with variation in life history. Thus, individuals on the …

Co** styles consist of a coherent set of individual physiological and behavioral differences
in stress responses that are consistent across time and context. Such consistent inter …

Recent research has found that individuals often vary in how consistently they express their
behavior over time (ie, behavioral predictability) and suggested that these individual …

Abstract Knowledge on animal personality has provided new insights into evolutionary
biology and animal ecology, as behavioural types have been shown to affect fitness. Animal …

Invasive alien species threaten biodiversity worldwide and contribute to biotic
homogenization, especially in freshwaters, where the ability of native animals to disperse is …

Behavioral phenotypic traits or “animal personalities” drive critical evolutionary processes
such as fitness, disease and information spread. Yet the stabilit y of behavioral traits …

Pharmaceutical pollution is now recognised as a major emerging agent of global change.
Increasingly, pharmaceutical pollutants are documented to disrupt ecologically important …