Security and privacy challenges of large language models: A survey

BC Das, MH Amini, Y Wu - ACM Computing Surveys, 2025 - dl.acm.org
Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated extraordinary capabilities and
contributed to multiple fields, such as generating and summarizing text, language …

A brief overview of ChatGPT: The history, status quo and potential future development

T Wu, S He, J Liu, S Sun, K Liu… - IEEE/CAA Journal of …, 2023 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence generated content (AIGC) model developed by OpenAI,
has attracted world-wide attention for its capability of dealing with challenging language …

[PDF][PDF] Retrieval-augmented generation for large language models: A survey

Y Gao, Y **ong, X Gao, K Jia, J Pan, Y Bi… - arxiv preprint arxiv …, 2023 - simg.baai.ac.cn
Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate powerful capabilities, but they still face
challenges in practical applications, such as hallucinations, slow knowledge updates, and …

[PDF][PDF] A survey of large language models

WX Zhao, K Zhou, J Li, T Tang… - arxiv preprint arxiv …, 2023 - paper-notes.zhjwpku.com
Ever since the Turing Test was proposed in the 1950s, humans have explored the mastering
of language intelligence by machine. Language is essentially a complex, intricate system of …

A survey on hallucination in large language models: Principles, taxonomy, challenges, and open questions

L Huang, W Yu, W Ma, W Zhong, Z Feng… - ACM Transactions on …, 2025 - dl.acm.org
The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has marked a significant breakthrough in
natural language processing (NLP), fueling a paradigm shift in information acquisition …

Toward expert-level medical question answering with large language models

K Singhal, T Tu, J Gottweis, R Sayres, E Wulczyn… - Nature Medicine, 2025 - nature.com
Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in medical question answering, with
Med-PaLM being the first to exceed a 'passing'score in United States Medical Licensing …

Llava-med: Training a large language-and-vision assistant for biomedicine in one day

C Li, C Wong, S Zhang, N Usuyama… - Advances in …, 2023 - proceedings.neurips.cc
Conversational generative AI has demonstrated remarkable promise for empowering
biomedical practitioners, but current investigations focus on unimodal text. Multimodal …

Siren's song in the AI ocean: a survey on hallucination in large language models

Y Zhang, Y Li, L Cui, D Cai, L Liu, T Fu… - arxiv preprint arxiv …, 2023 - arxiv.org
While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a
range of downstream tasks, a significant concern revolves around their propensity to exhibit …

Unifying large language models and knowledge graphs: A roadmap

S Pan, L Luo, Y Wang, C Chen… - IEEE Transactions on …, 2024 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
Large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT and GPT4, are making new waves in the
field of natural language processing and artificial intelligence, due to their emergent ability …

[PDF][PDF] The dawn of lmms: Preliminary explorations with gpt-4v (ision)

Z Yang, L Li, K Lin, J Wang, CC Lin… - arxiv preprint arxiv …, 2023 - stableaiprompts.com
Large multimodal models (LMMs) extend large language models (LLMs) with multi-sensory
skills, such as visual understanding, to achieve stronger generic intelligence. In this paper …