Cytokines are critical mediators that oversee and regulate immune and inflammatory
responses via complex networks and serve as biomarkers for many diseases. Quantification …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic systemic
inflammation causing progressive joint damage that can lead to lifelong disability. The …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an incurable systemic autoimmune disease. Disease
progression leads to joint deformity and associated loss of function, which significantly …

Stem cell-based therapy has drawn attention for enhancing the osseointegration efficiency
after joint replacement in the rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, therapeutic efficacy of this …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that involves multiple joints bilaterally.
It is characterized by an inflammation of the tendon (tenosynovitis) resulting in both cartilage …

Purpose We aimed to explore the relationship between the systemic immune-inflammation
index (SII) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using NHANES from 1999 to 2018. Methods We …

Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 belong to the T helper 2 (Th2) cytokine family, along with IL-3, IL-
5, and IL-9. These cytokines are key mediators of allergic inflammation. They have important …

More than any other cytokine family, the 11 members of the IL-1 family are associated with
innate immune responses, which occur in acute inflammation and chronic inflammatory …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic and heterogeneous autoimmune disease with
symmetrical polyarthritis as its critical clinical manifestation. The basic cause of autoimmune …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by systemic synovitis leading to joint destruction
in which imbalances in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines promote the …