The study of phenotypic plasticity has progressed significantly over the past few decades.
We have moved from variation for plasticity being considered as a nuisance in evolutionary …

When the optimal phenotype differs among environments, adaptive phenotypic plasticity can
evolve unless constraints impede such evolution. Costs and limits of plasticity have been …

Summary 1 The role of phenotypic plasticity in evolution has historically been a contentious
issue because of debate over whether plasticity shields genotypes from selection or …

The high potential fitness benefit of phenotypic plasticity tempts us to expect phenotypic
plasticity as a frequent adaptation to environmental heterogeneity. Examples of proven …

Phenotypic plasticity plays a key role in modulating how environmental variation influences
population dynamics, but we have only rudimentary understanding of how plasticity interacts …

We review approaches to predicting carbon and nitrogen allocation in forest models in terms
of their underlying assumptions and their resulting strengths and limitations. Empirical and …

Theoreticians predict that animal 'personality'traits may be maladaptive if fixed throughout
different contexts, so the present study aimed to test whether these traits are fixed or plastic …

The treatment of bacterial infections is increasingly complicated because microorganisms
can develop resistance to antimicrobial agents. This article discusses the information that is …

Quantitative approaches to evolutionary biology traditionally consider evolutionary change
in isolation from an important pressure in natural selection: the demography of coevolving …

The virulence to insects and tolerance to heat and UV-B radiation of conidia of
entomopathogenic fungi are greatly influenced by physical, chemical, and nutritional …