Viruses are by far the most abundant'lifeforms' in the oceans and are the reservoir of most of
the genetic diversity in the sea. The estimated 1030 viruses in the ocean, if stretched end to …

As a consequence of the lack of proofreading activity of RNA virus polymerases, new viral
genetic variants are constantly created. RNA viruses readily adapt to changing …

Principles of Virology, the leading virology textbook in use, is an extremely valuable and
highly informative presentation of virology at the interface of modern cell biology and …

Populations of plant RNA viruses are highly polymorphic in infected plants, which may allow
rapid within-host evolution. To understand tobacco etch potyvirus (TEV) evolution …

Chikungunya virus, first isolated in the 1950s, has since reemerged to cause several
epidemics and millions of infections throughout the world. What was once blurred and …

From the evolutionary and ecological points of view, it is essential to distinguish between the
genetic and environmental components of the variability of life-history traits and of their trade …

Due to their extremely high genetic diversity, which is a direct consequence of high mutation
rates, RNA viruses are often described as molecular quasispecies. According to this theory …

Viral studies have contributed substantially to the field of experimental evolution during the
last two decades. The rapid evolution of RNA viruses makes them especially suitable for …

Background Influenza A virus evolution in humans is driven at least in part by mutations
allowing the virus to escape antibody neutralization. Little is known about the evolution of …

Infections involving different viruses (multiple infections) are common in nature and can take
place between different strains of the same virus or between different virus species …