Carbon atoms in the graphitic carbon skeleton can be replaced by heteroatoms with different
electronegative from that of the carbon atom (ie, heteroatom do**) to modulate the charge …

The electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is the key energy conversion reaction
involved in fuel cells, metal‐air batteries, and hydrogen peroxide production. Proliferation …

Design Principles for Heteroatom‐Doped Carbon Nanomaterials as Highly Efficient
Catalysts for Fuel Cells and Metal&a Page 1 © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA …

With exceptional physicochemical properties, carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) have been
widely applied in various energy and environmental applications including energy …

Although polymers are very important and vastly used materials, their physical properties
are limited. Therefore, they are reinforced with fillers to relieve diverse restrictions and …

Nonmetallic carbon‐based nanomaterials (CNMs) are important in various potential
applications, especially after the emergence of graphene and carbon nanotubes, which …

Recent development in nanoscience and nanotechnology has opened up new frontiers in
materials science and engineering to create new materials for energy generation and …

Carbon-based metal-free catalysts possess desirable properties such as high earth
abundance, low cost, high electrical conductivity, structural tunability, good selectivity, strong …

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have emerged as promising materials in energy conversion
and storage systems due to their maximal atom utilization, unique electronic structure, and …

Pseudocapacitive storage of multivalent ions, especially Ca2+, in heteroatom‐doped carbon
nanomaterials is promising to achieve both high energy and power densities, but there is the …