To verify whether the expansion of natural gas infrastructure can effectively mitigate carbon
dioxide (CO 2) emissions in China, this study first investigates the impact of natural gas …

This paper applies generalized autoregressive score‐driven (GAS) models to futures
hedging of crude oil and natural gas. For both commodities, the GAS framework captures the …

In this study, we estimate the minimum variance (MV) and quantile hedge ratios for three
energy-related commodities: crude oil, heating oil and natural gas. For crude oil and heating …

This paper focuses on the risk management of the participants and takes an in-depth study
into the hedging ratio based on the minimum variance method. Crude oil futures contract …

Relying on the hidden Markov model improved by the particle swarm optimization algorithm
(PSO-HMM), we develop a dual-decision method to address the issue of state-dependent …

Objective: According to the efficient market hypothesis, market efficiency refers to the
condition in which prices in the markets are adjusted immediately to the new information …

In this research, we investigated the long-run and causal relationships between spot and
futures prices of crude oil, natural gas, and gasoline using monthly data and considering the …

هدف: بر اساس فرضیه بازار کارا، منظور از کارایی اطلاعاتی، موقعیتی است که در بازار، قیمت‌ها
به‌سرعت نسبت به اطلاعات جدید تعدیل شوند. سرعت و کیفیت واکنش به اطلاعات، سطح کارایی …‎