Produced water (PW) is the wastewater generated when water from underground reservoirs
is brought to the surface during oil or gas extraction. PW is generated in large amounts and …

Since the beginning of this millennium, shale gas extraction by horizontal drilling and
hydraulic fracturing has boosted US gas production, changing the global energy markets …

Unconventional oil and gas exploration in the United States has experienced a period of
rapid growth, followed by several years of limited production due to falling and low natural …

A suite of analytical tools was applied to thoroughly analyze the chemical composition of an
oil/gas well flowback water from the Denver–Julesburg (DJ) basin in Colorado, and the …

The handling and treatment of produced water (PW) generated during oil and gas extraction
has continued to be a serious dilemma due to its large quantities and complex composition …

Until now, up‐to‐date, comprehensive, spatial, national‐scale data on hydraulic fracturing
water volumes have been lacking. Water volumes used (injected) to hydraulically fracture …

Shale gas extraction via horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing (HF) has enhanced gas
production worldwide, which has altered global energy markets and reduced the prices of …

There is considerable debate about the sustainability of the hydraulic fracturing (HF) water
cycle in North America. Recently, this debate has expanded to China, where HF activities …

Abstract Hydraulic fracturing (HF), or “fracking,” is the driving force behind the “shale gas
revolution,” completely transforming the United States energy industry over the last two …

This paper aimed to review the research on emulsion formation, stability, chemical
demulsification, and hydrophilic–lipophilic balance in chemical studies and other aspects …